RESEARCH PAPER
Estimation of evaporation and transpiration rates under varying water availability for improving crop management of soybeans using oxygen isotope ratios of pore water
1
Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
2
Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Final revision date: 2022-06-03
Acceptance date: 2022-06-08
Publication date: 2022-07-20
Corresponding author
Gunther Carl Liebhard
Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
Int. Agrophys. 2022, 36(3): 181-195
HIGHLIGHTS
- ET partitioning combined with yield data allows evaluation of managing actions
- SWC and meteorological conditions had comparable impact on E and T as canopy
- A wet surface layer substantially raises the E rate even under closed canopy
- Evaporation drops to almost zero at plant covered and desiccated soil surfaces
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Knowledge of crop water requirements and the effects of management practices on the amounts of water used for crop transpiration and that lost through soil evaporation is essential for efficient agricultural water management. Therefore, this study investigated the temporal evolution of weekly evaporation and transpiration rates under varying soil water conditions in a conventionally managed soybean field by partitioning evapotranspiration based on a water and δ18O-stable isotope mass balance. The estimated rates were considered in combination with vertical soil water distribution, atmospheric demand (based on crop evapotranspiration), actual evapotranspiration, and the plant development stage. This allowed for the weekly rates to be compared to the current conditions resulting from dry periods, rain or irrigation events, and the extent of the canopy. The range of weekly transpiration/evapotranspiration, from blossom to maturation, was between 0.60 (±0.11) and 0.82 (±0.10). Within this range, transpiration/evapotranspiration shifted depending on the vertical soil water distribution and meteorological conditions. During dry soil surface periods, evaporation dropped to almost zero, whereas a wet surface layer substantially increased evaporation/evapotranspiration, even under a closed canopy. Under given conditions, the application of a few intense irrigations before the drying of the soil surface is recommended.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant number 773903)(2018-2022).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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