RESEARCH PAPER
Impact damage to chickpea seeds during free fall
1
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 6815144316, Iran
2
Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, 6815144316, Iran
Final revision date: 2022-10-06
Acceptance date: 2022-10-25
Publication date: 2023-01-27
Int. Agrophys. 2023, 37(1): 41-49
HIGHLIGHTS
- In most cases, higher damage resulted when seeds were dropped on concrete than on the metal surface.
- Drop height was a significant factor causing damage to chickpea seeds.
- On striking a surface at speeds of above 8 m/s, the percentage breakage of chickpea seeds was at least 10.28 %.
- To reduce damage to seeds due to the impact caused by free fall, the drop height should be limited to about 5 m.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to determine the extent of the percentage of mechanical damage (seed breakage) to chickpea seeds due to the impact caused by free fall. Three independent variables were used in the test, namely: impact surface (concrete, metal, plywood and seed-on-seed), drop height (3, 6, 9, and 12 m) and seed moisture content (10, 15, 20, and 25% w.b.). The results showed that all three independent variables significantly influenced the percentage breakage of chickpea seeds. The seeds dropped onto concrete and metal had by a significant margin the highest means of percentage breakage at 13.89 and 12.94%, respectively, in comparison with 10.64 and 8.34% on plywood and in the case of seed to seed impact, respectively. Increasing the drop height from 3 to 12 m caused a significant increase in the mean values of damage to seeds from 7.20 to 15.57%. Increasing the moisture levels caused a decreasing trend by a factor of two in the damage to the seeds due to free fall. Empirical models were developed to reveal the relationships between damage to chickpea seeds with various moisture contents that was due to the impact with different impact surfaces caused by free fall from the drop height.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Furthermore, the manuscript does not contain experiments using animals or humans.
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