RESEARCH PAPER
Implication of organic farming practice in changes in physical-chemical properties of plough pan layer in paddy soils
1
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2
Agrotechnology, STIPER Agriculture University of Yogyakarta, Jl. Nangka II, Maguwoharjo, Sleman, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
3
Soil Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Final revision date: 2024-11-06
Acceptance date: 2024-11-13
Publication date: 2025-01-16
Corresponding author
Eko Hanudin
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, 55281, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Int. Agrophys. 2025, 39(1): 61-72
HIGHLIGHTS
- Organic farming (OF) boosts the root growth space of rice plants
- Humic substance promote dissolving oxides compound in the plow pan layer
- Fe/Al-oxide-humate contributes to shifhting down the plow pan layer
- OF boosts Fe/Mn-humate by 4.74 and 2.73 times compared to conventional systems
KEYWORDS
conventional-organic systemmodulus of rupturesoil organic mattercation exchange capacityand Fe-humic
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The impacts of organic farming practices on the physical-chemical properties of the plough pan layer in paddy soils are still not well-documented. This study was conducted by making nine soil profiles from three farming systems, namely conventional, semi-organic, and organic fields. The results revealed that the formation of the plough pan layer resulted in an increase in soil penetration resistance, modulus of rupture, and bulk density, while soil porosity and soil permeability decreased. The clay in the layer was composed of kaolinite, nacrite, dickite, with dissolved Fe>Mn>Al. After 10 years of organic farming practice, there was an increase in humic acid, fulvic acid, CEC, Fe-humic, Mn-Humic, soil porosity, and topsoil thickness, while the thickness of plough pan, modulus of rupture, and soil penetration decreased. The Fe-humic and Mn-humic content increased by 4.74 and 2.73 times, respectively, compared to the conventional system. This indicates that humic compounds derived from organic fertilizers play a crucial role in the complexation and dissolution processes of mineral components, resulting in improved soil physical and chemical properties.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
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