RESEARCH PAPER
Investigation of mechanical properties of cotton stalk based on multi-component analyses
1
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2
Biomass Conversion and Utilization Equipment Innovative Research Group of Science and Technology Innovative Engineering of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
Final revision date: 2022-07-15
Acceptance date: 2022-07-28
Publication date: 2022-09-07
Corresponding author
Jianhua Xie
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, China
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, China
Int. Agrophys. 2022, 36(4): 257-267
HIGHLIGHTS
- There were significant differences in the mechanical properties of xylem, phloem and cotton stalk.
- Cotton stalk would be broken if the deformation deflection had exceeded 5 mm during three-point bending.
- Xylem provides 96% compressive strength, excessive radial load caused fractured.
- Peeled phloem slides along the xylem during mechanical uprooting are investigated.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
A comprehensive understanding of the uprooting failure mechanism will likely require the accurate characterization of the mechanical properties of cotton stalk. Uprooting failure includes a fractured cotton stalk and peeled phloem sliding along the xylem. The modulus of elasticity of cotton stalk and its tissues (xylem and phloem) were measured using three different modes (tensile, compression and bending), and the reasons for the fractured cotton stalk and the peeled phloem sliding along the xylem were analysed from the perspective of composite mechanics. The results showed that the cotton stalk radially conforms to the properties of the composite with transverse anisotropy. The axial modulus of elasticity was significantly larger than the radial modulus of elasticity (axial modulus of elasticity: cotton stalk is 3181.79 MPa, xylem is 1093.91 MPa, phloem is 249.89 MPa, radial modulus of elasticity: is 91.04 MPa, xylem is 83.77 MPa, phloem is 77.01 MPa). Xylem is the backbone of the stalk that provides 96% of its compressive strength. The direct cause of fractured cotton stalk originated from the load force that exceeded its intrinsic compressive strength. Peeled phloem sliding along the xylem was related for the most part to the different radial modulus of elasticity of the xylem and phloem, and the weak cohesion between these two tissues. Based on the results, some suggestions were provided for the design of a puller.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51505242, 2016-2018), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Programme of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP, CAAS), Project Plan of Science and Technology Supporting Xinjiang in Autonomous Region (Grant No. 2021E02005, 2021-2023), and Tianshan Innovation Team Project (Grant No. 2020D14037, 2020-2023).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Compliance with ethical requirements: This study does not include any experiment involving human or animal subjects.
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