RESEARCH PAPER
Searching, identifying and characterizing antagonistic isolates to control Neofabraea representatives causing bull’s-eye rot in apples
1
Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
2
Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Final revision date: 2025-01-20
Acceptance date: 2025-02-03
Publication date: 2025-03-17
Corresponding author
Karolina Oszust
Department of Soil and Plant System, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
Department of Soil and Plant System, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
Int. Agrophys. 2025, 39(2): 145-164
HIGHLIGHTS
- B. velezensis and T. koningiopsis inhibited 65% of Neofabraea isolates
- T. koningiopsis used chitinase, B. velezensis relied on glycogen degradation
- Isolates showed minimal resistance genes, low risk for environmental impacts
KEYWORDS
biocontrolantagonistbull's-eye rotNeofabraeaBacillus velezensisTrichoderma koningiopsisapplesoilwhole genome sequencing
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Apple bull’s eye rot (BER), caused by Neofabraea representatives, is a major challenge for apple production. This study aimed to identify microbial antagonists capable of suppressing Neofabraea by leveraging soil microorganisms from six distinct apple orchard land management systems. Key candidates, Bacillus velezensis (B134/22, B233/22, B267/22) and Trichoderma koningiopsis (G779/22) inhibited 65% of Neofabraea isolates, indicating their strong potential for biocontrol. T. koningiopsis produced chitinase and β-glucanase, while B. velezensis relied on glycogen degradation, suggesting diverse biocontrol strategies. Antibiotic resistance profiles showed minimal resistance genes, reducing environmental risks. Sensitivity to fungicides was assessed, with T. koningiopsis sensitive to Siarkol and B. velezensis to Zato and Luna fungicides, supporting their compatibility with orchard practices. Tested isolates showed susceptibility to some chemical substances used in apple orchard practice (e.g. antibiotics, copper(II) sulfate, fusidic acid, or promethazine). These findings highlight the importance of integrating biocontrol agents with agrochemical use, ensuring sustainability in apple production while minimizing environmental impact.
FUNDING
This paper was financed by the National Centre for Research and Development within the framework of the project LIDER XII (acronym: APPAT(f)REE), contract number LIDER/7/0054/L-12/20/NCBR/2021.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors declare they have no conflict of interest.
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