RESEARCH PAPER
Spatial variability of thermal properties in relation to the application of selected soil-improving cropping systems (SICS) on sandy soil
1
Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
Final revision date: 2022-07-12
Acceptance date: 2022-07-14
Publication date: 2022-09-16
Corresponding author
Bogusław Usowicz
Department of Metrology and Modelling of Agrophysical Processes, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
Department of Metrology and Modelling of Agrophysical Processes, Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland
Int. Agrophys. 2022, 36(4): 269-284
HIGHLIGHTS
- Soil–improving cropping systems (SICS) affect the variability of soil thermal properties
- SICS providing organic matter increases thermal properties in wet but not in dry years after tillage
- Cokriging (OCK) vs. kriging (OK) better interpolates soil thermal properties
- The use of sand content as an auxiliary variable in OCK improves mapping thermal properties
KEYWORDS
soil-improving practicesthermal conductivityheat capacitythermal diffusivitysemi- and cross-semivariogramskriging and cokrigingmapping
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to determine the effect of randomly applied soil-improving cropping systems on the variability of soil thermal conductivity , heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity over the course of a 3-year (2016-2018) study. The field experiment included the control and the following soil-improving cropping systems: liming, leguminous catch crops for green manure, farmyard manure, and liming+leguminous catch crops+farmyard manure together with spring oats (2017) and spring wheat (2018). The parameters such as bulk density, water content, and values of soil thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and thermal diffusivity have been determined. The thermal properties were measured at the current water content in situ and in water-saturated and dry soil states in the laboratory. The thermal properties in the wet year of 2017 increased in the subareas with a predominance of leguminous catch crops for green manure, farmyard manure, and liming+leguminous catch crops+farmyard manure, whereas the soil-improving cropping systems effect was not consistent after stubble tilling in the dry year of 2018. Cross-semivariograms which used the sand content as an auxiliary variable and cokriging produced a better prediction than the semivariograms and kriging. The fractal analysis indicated that the number of subareas differing in thermal properties was mainly modified by water content and bulk density. The spatial spread of the soil thermal properties during the water-saturated and dry states increased in subareas with a higher bulk density.
FUNDING
This work was partially funded by HORIZON 2020, the European Commission, Programme: H2020-SFS-2015-2: SoilCare for profitable and sustainable crop production in Europe, project No. 677407 (SoilCare, 2016-2021) and by WZ/WB-INL/3/2021 from the science funds from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest
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