REVIEW PAPER
Static magnetic fields as a factor in modification of tissue and cell structure: a review
1
Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszów University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
2
Laboratory of Physiotherapy in Developmental Disorders, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rzeszów University, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
3
Pomology, Nursery and Enology Department, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
4
Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
Final revision date: 2023-12-04
Acceptance date: 2023-12-14
Publication date: 2024-01-11
Corresponding author
Bogdan Adam Saletnik
Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland
Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland
Tomasz Lipa
Pomology, Nursery and Enology Department, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
Pomology, Nursery and Enology Department, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
Int. Agrophys. 2024, 38(1): 43-75
HIGHLIGHTS
- The static magnetic field (SMF) is an indispensable factor in the natural environment.
- A moderate SMF in the most commonly used range of 2–80 mT has a potential application in the formation and re-modeling of plants and animals, including human cells.
- SMFs can significantly change the potential of the cell membrane, and thus can have a significant impact on the properties of the cell.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This review is intended to contribute to the evidence of the effects of static magnetic field on cells and tissue, as well as to present research results that will elucidate the complex matters involved in the formation and remodeling of cells. The cell characteristics studied in the papers that are reviewed include cell viability and proliferation, aggregation and their differentiation, structure and membrane potential. A moderate static magnetic field in the most commonly used range of 2-80 mT has potential application in the formation and remodeling of plant and human cells. However, in the case of cancer cells, the range of fields commonly used was 0.2-9 T. Magnetism promotes changes in plant cell growth, which prompts the cell to proliferate, thereby ensuring an increased rate of biomass production. Some researches presented the enhancement of the differentiation of plant cells and skeletal muscle tissue by over 30% at 80 mT static magnetic field. Changes in the cell cycle and growth reflect directly on the cell number and viability and provide useful information to detect modifications in the cell machinery. Static magnetic field, depending on its intensity, enhances cell proliferation and thus may improve, among other processes, tissue regeneration, wound healing and the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Researchers showed, among other things, that cells under the influence of static magnetic field changed their shape, had a larger chloroplast, stiffer cell wall, density of the cytoskeleton and cytoplasm contained several mitochondria. Numerous studies also discussed the behavior of the cell membrane of plant and animal organisms, including humans, under the influence of an static magnetic field. The effects of static magnetic field on the cell membrane of plant and human cells were similar. The research results indicate that static magnetic fields can significantly change membrane depolarization and its potential that regulates ion movement and thus can have a significant impact on the properties and biological functionality of the cell. Studies have shown that continuous application of static magnetic field caused deformation and damage of cell membrane. Based on the theoretical analyses presented also in this review, it can be concluded that static magnetic field affects cells and tissue, giving them changes in properties and behaviors and modulates, e.g. in the activity of ion channels. Thus it may produce effects leading to changes in the functioning of the cell. It is possible to formulate directions for further research aimed at using static magnetic fields for the non-invasive remodeling and formation of plant and human cells.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education “Regional Initiative of Excellence” in the years 2019–2022 (project number 026/RID/2018/19; the amount of financing totaling PLN 9 542 500.00).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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| eISSN: | 2300-8725 |
| ISSN: | 0236-8722 |
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