REVIEW PAPER
Sustainable hydrogen through decomposition of ammonia and its derivatives by thermochemical processes: a review
1
College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, 795004, India
2
Department of Biotechnology, GST, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be University) Visakhapatnam 30045, India
3
Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari-845401, India
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Sambalpur, 768018, India
5
Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, 302 017, Rajasthan, India
6
Department of Microbial Biofuels and Biochemical, Advanced Biofuels Program,The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110 003, India
7
Department of Forestry, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, India
8
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
9
Faculty of Agriculture, King Mihai I University of Life Sciences, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Final revision date: 2024-03-27
Acceptance date: 2024-04-26
Publication date: 2024-08-27
Corresponding author
Prakash Kumar Sarangi
College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, 795004, India
College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, 795004, India
Raul Pașcalau
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania, Romania
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania, Romania
Int. Agrophys. 2024, 38(4): 325-344
HIGHLIGHTS
- This review discusses the waste ammonia sources with its impact to environment.
- Discussed on the catalytic based thermochemical process for ammonia decomposition.
- This decomposition approach helps in mitigation of ammonia via hydrogen production.
- Discuss on metals catalysis performance on ammonia decomposition/ H2 synthesis.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Thermochemical processes have recently attracted more attentions from researchers, particularly the use of decomposition of ammonia-based compounds and water-gas shift and steam reforming processes. These processes may be applied for hydrogen generation (H2) from a syngas mixture and that is the main concern of this paper. Furthermore, these processes are currently facing the challenge of low hydrogen yields. Traditionally, H2 fuel is generated from fossil fuels by utilizing different reforming processes. The longevity and reliability of catalysts, their purity and the start-up time/costs are also some of the critical challenges to be faced. Sustainable H2 generation from sustainable sources like ammonia (NH3) gas was found to be an innovative process with the appropriate selection of the catalytic process and also thermochemical processes being shown to be critical issues. Traditional approaches to H2 synthesis such as the ammonia cracking process and the generation of hydrogen occur at high temperatures of 500oC or more. Current efforts in the field of H2 generation rely on a process which includes the decomposition of ammonia gas, this achieves a high yield through the application of alkali metal amide/imides as effective catalysts. NH3 and methane (CH4) decomposition is exploited for H2 production through the application of a steam methane reforming process in bench scale packed-bed reactors. This requires an NH3 feed solution at a temperature of 150oC that can generate more H2 (up to 90%) in the total syngas yield. Efforts were made to change/shift the equilibrium towards increased hydrogen production. Researchers have engaged in many efforts to remove H2 from a membrane or in carbon dioxide extraction with the use of a solid sorbent.
A continuous mode of enhanced H2 production can be achieved by integrating the reforming process with concentrated solar radiation for thermal storage. Efforts were made to remove H2 from a membrane or extract carbon dioxide using a solid sorbent. This review explores the decomposition techniques, catalytic systems and thermochemical conditions required for H2 generation from NH3/NH3-rich products/wastes.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no Conflict of Interest.
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| eISSN: | 2300-8725 |
| ISSN: | 0236-8722 |
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