The state of compaction of a soil largely establishes the air, water, and temperature relationships and largely influences the plant growth. In order to investigate the effect of different cultivation systems on soil compaction a penetration test with cone penetrometer and the measurement of the dry bulk density of the soil with aeropycnometer in a sandy loam soil were conducted by standard tillage and mulching systems. The results have showed that in comparison with standard tillage system the dry bulk density of the soil by mulching system is higher down to 10 cm depth, but there are no significant differences in penetration resistance in the 10 to 20 cm depth between the two systems. The traffic causes soil compaction in wheel tracks in the soil surface down to 10 cm depth, but in the 10 cm to 20 cm soil depth the traffic has no significant influence on the soil compaction for the two cultivation systems in comparison with the soil density in rows of sugar beet under usual cultivation condition in the Rheinland area.