RESEARCH PAPER
Utilization of pear pomace as a functional additive in biscuit production: Physicochemical and sensory evaluation
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
 
 
Final revision date: 2024-10-17
 
 
Acceptance date: 2024-11-07
 
 
Publication date: 2025-01-07
 
 
Corresponding author
Dariusz Dziki   

Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
 
 
Int. Agrophys. 2025, 39(1): 53-60
 
HIGHLIGHTS
  • Dried pear pomace is a significant source of dietary fiber.
  • More pear pomace in biscuits enhances antioxidant activity.
  • Pear pomace decreases biscuit hardness.
  • Use 10% pear pomace powder in place of wheat flour in biscuits.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Employing pear pomace, a substantial by-product of juice production comprising up to 40% of the pear’s mass, holds promise for enhancing sustainability in the fruit industry and augmenting the nutraceutical and health-promoting potential of functional foods, such as biscuits. This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of biscuits with 5-25% of wheat flour replaced by pear pomace powder. The study assessed protein, ash, fat, soluble and insoluble fiber, available carbohydrates, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity against DPPH˙ and ABTS˙ radicals, alongside colour and texture analyses (cutting force), and sensory evaluation using a 9-point hedonic scale. Incorporating pear pomace into wheat biscuits enhanced dietary fiber and ash content, reduced protein and available carbohydrates, and correlated with higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity as pomace levels increased. The inclusion of pear pomace led to darker, redder, and less yellow biscuits, with a corresponding decrease in cutting force as the concentration of the fruit additive increased. During sensory analysis, biscuits with 10% wheat flour replaced by pear pomace powder scored higher in overall acceptability than those without additives, while ratings for smell, taste, colour, and texture notably decreased only at the highest additive level (25%).
FUNDING
This work was supported by project no. SD.WTP.24.066 provided by University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland (2024).
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The Authors do not declare any conflict of interest.
REFERENCES (42)
1.
Ahmad, M., Wani, T.A., Wani, S.M., Masoodi, F.A., Gani, A., 2016. Incorporation of carrot pomace powder in wheat flour: effect on flour, dough and cookie characteristics. J. Food Sci. Technol. 53, 3715-3724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197....
 
2.
American Association of Cereal Chemistry (AACC). American Association of Cereal Chemistry Approved Methods, 11th Ed.; American Association of Cereal Chemistry (AACC): St. Paul, MN, USA, 2021; http://methods.aaccnet.org/toc....
 
3.
Asadi, S.Z., Khan, M.A., Chamarthy, R.V., 2021. Development and quality evaluation of cookies supplemented with concentrated fiber powder from chiku (Manilkara zapota L.). J. Food Sci. Technol. 58, 1839-1847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197....
 
4.
Bender, A.B.B., Speroni, C.S., Moro, K.I.B., Morisso, F.D.P., dos Santos, D.R., da Silva, L.P., et al., 2020. Effects of micronization on dietary fiber composition, physicochemical properties, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of grape pomace and its dietary fiber concentrate. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 117, 108652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.....
 
5.
Bora, P., Ragaee, S., Abdel-Aal, E.S.M., 2019. Effect of incorporation of goji berry by-product on biochemical, physical and sensory properties of selected bakery products. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 112, 108225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.....
 
6.
Bozdogan, N., Ormanli, E., Kumcuoglu, S., Tavman, S., 2022. Pear pomace powder added quinoa-based gluten-free cake formulations: effect on pasting properties, rheology, and product quality. Food Sci. Technol. 42, 39121. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.39....
 
7.
Brand-Williams, W., Cuvelier, M.E., Berset, C., 1995. Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 28, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0023-....
 
8.
Cao, W., Chen, J., Li, L., Ren, G., Duan, X., Zhou, Q., et al., 2022. Cookies fortified with Lonicera japonica Thunb. extracts: impact on phenolic acid content, antioxidant activity and physical properties. Molecules 27, 5033. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecu....
 
9.
Chang, S., Cui, X., Guo, M., Tian, Y., Xu, W., Huang, K., et al., 2017. Insoluble dietary fiber from pear pomace can prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats mainly by improving the structure of the gut microbiota. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27, 856-867. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.16....
 
10.
Christodouleas, D.C., Fotakis, C., Nikokavoura, A., Papadopoulos, K., Calokerinos, A.C., 2015. Modified DPPH and ABTS assays to assess the antioxidant profile of untreated oils. Food Anal. Methods, 8, 1294-1302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161....
 
11.
Chumroenvidhayakul, S., Thilavech, T., Abeywardena, M., Adisakwattana, S., 2023. Dragon fruit peel waste (Hylocereus undatus) as a potential ingredient for reducing lipid peroxidation, dietary advanced glycation end products, and starch digestibility in cookies. Antioxidants 12, 1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox....
 
12.
FAOSTAT, 2022. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en... (accessed 12.10.24).
 
13.
Ferreira, J., Tkacz, K., Turkiewicz, I.P., Santos, M.I., Belas, A., Lima, A., et al., 2023. Influence of particle size and extraction methods on phenolic content and biological activities of pear pomace. Foods 12, 4325. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1....
 
14.
Han, W., Ma, S., Li, L., Zheng, X., Wang, X., 2019. Impact of wheat bran dietary fiber on gluten and gluten-starch microstructure formation in dough. Food Hydrocoll. 95, 292-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food....
 
15.
Haris, S., Alam, M., Galiwango, E., Mohamed, M.M., Kamal-Eldin, A., Al-Marzouqi, A.H., 2023. Characterization analysis of date fruit pomace: An underutilized waste bioresource rich in dietary fiber and phenolic antioxidants. Waste Manag. 163, 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasm....
 
16.
Kalla-Bertholdt, A.M., Nguyen, P.V., Baier, A.K., Rauh, C., 2021. Influence of dietary fiber on in-vitro lipid digestion of emulsions prepared with high-intensity ultrasound. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 73, 102799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifse....
 
17.
Kolniak-Ostek, J., 2016. Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of different anatomical parts of pear (Pyrus communis L.). Food Chem. 203, 491-497, https://doi:10.1016/j.foodchem....
 
18.
Krajewska, A., Dziki, D., 2023a. Enrichment of cookies with fruits and their by-products: chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and sensory changes. Molecules 28, 4005.https://doi.org/10.3390/molecu....
 
19.
Krajewska, A., Dziki, D., 2023b. Physical properties of shortbread biscuits enriched with dried and powdered fruit and their by-products: a review. Int. Agrophys. 37, 245-264. https://doi.org/10.31545/intag....
 
20.
Krajewska, A., Dziki, D., Yilmaz, M.A., Özdemir, F.A., 2024. Physicochemical properties of dried and powdered pear pomace. Molecules 29, 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecu....
 
21.
Kruczek, M., Gumul, D., Korus, A., Buksa, K., Ziobro, R., 2023. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant status of cookies supplemented with apple pomace. Antioxidants 12, 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox....
 
22.
Machado, A.P. da F., Geraldi, M.V., do Nascimento, R. de P., Moya, A.M.T.M., Vezza, T., Diez-Echave, P., et al., 2021. Polyphenols from food by-products: An alternative or complementary therapy to IBD conventional treatments. Food Res. Int. 140, 110018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.food....
 
23.
Nakov, G., Brandolini, A., Hidalgo, A., Ivanova, N., Jukić, M., Komlenić, D.K., et al., 2020. Influence of apple peel powder addition on the physico-chemical characteristics and nutritional quality of bread wheat cookies. Food Sci. Technol. Int. 26, 574-582. https://doi.org/10.1177/108201....
 
24.
Peng, F., Ren, X., Du, B., Chen, L., Yu, Z., Yang, Y., 2022. Structure, physicochemical property, and functional activity of dietary fiber obtained from pear fruit pomace (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim) via different extraction methods. Foods 11, 2161. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1....
 
25.
Pinto, D., Moreira, M.M., Vieira, E.F., Švarc-Gajić, J., Vallverdú-Queralt, A., Brezo-Borjan, T., et al., 2023. Development and characterization of functional cookies enriched with chestnut shells extract as source of bioactive phenolic compounds. Foods 12, 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1....
 
26.
Platzer, M., Kiese, S., Herfellner, T., Schweiggert-Weisz, U., Miesbauer, O., Eisner, P., 2021. Common trends and differences in antioxidant activity analysis of phenolic substances using single electron transfer based assays. Molecules 26, 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecu....
 
27.
Quiles, A., Campbell, G.M., Struck, S., Rohm, H., Hernando, I., 2016. Fiber from fruit pomace: A review of applications in cereal-based products. Food Rev. 34, 162-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/875591....
 
28.
Raczkowska, E., Wojdyło, A., Nowicka, P., 2024. The use of blackcurrant pomace and erythritol to optimise the functional properties of shortbread cookies. Sci. Rep. 14, 3788. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598....
 
29.
Rațu, R.N., Veleșcu, I.D., Stoica, F., Usturoi, A., Arsenoaia, V.N., Crivei, I.C., et al., 2023. Application of agri-food by-products in the food industry. Agric. 13, 1559. https://doi.org/10.3390/agricu....
 
30.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation deflaization assay. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 26, 1231-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-....
 
31.
Rocha Parra, A.F., Sahagún, M., Ribotta, P.D., Ferrero, C., Gómez, M., 2019. Particle size and hydration properties of dried apple pomace: effect on dough viscoelasticity and quality of sugar-snap cookies. Food Bioprocess Technol. 12, 1083-1092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947....
 
32.
Salem, B.R., El-Sahy, K.M., Sulieman, A.M., Gouda, M.R., 2020. Use of tomato pomace, mango seeds kernel and pomegranate peels powders for the production of functional biscuits. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 47, 1011-1023. https://doi.org/10.21608/zjar.....
 
33.
Šeregelj, V., Škrobot, D., Kojić, J., Pezo, L., Šovljanski, O., Šaponjac, V.T., et al., 2022. Quality and sensory profile of durum wheat pasta enriched with carrot waste encapsulates. Foods 11, 1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1....
 
34.
Singh, A., Raju, R., Mrad, M., Reddell, P., Münch, G., 2020. The reciprocal EC50 value as a convenient measure of the potency of a compound in bioactivity-guided purification of natural products. Fitoterapia 143, 104598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fito....
 
35.
Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A., 1965. Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 16, 144-158. https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.1....
 
36.
Tańska, M., Roszkowska, B., Czaplicki, S., Borowska, E.J., Bojarska, J., Dąbrowska, A., 2016. Effect of fruit pomace addition on shortbread cookies to improve their physical and nutritional values. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 71, 307-313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130....
 
37.
Tarasevičienė, Ž., Čechovičienė, I., Jukniūtė, K., Šlepetienė, A., Paulauskienė, A., 2021. Qualitative properties of cookies enriched with berries pomace. Food Sci. Technol. 41, 474-481. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.02....
 
38.
Tazrart, K., Zaidi, F., Lamacchia, C., Haros, M., 2016. Effect of durum wheat semolina substitution with broad bean flour (Vicia faba) on the Maccheronccini pasta quality. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 242, 477-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217....
 
39.
Xu, N., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G., Tan, B., 2021. Effects of insoluble dietary fiber and ferulic acid on rheological and thermal properties of rice starch. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 193, 2260-2270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbi....
 
40.
Yan, L., Li, T., Liu, C., Zheng, L., 2019. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure and superfine grinding treatment on physicochemical/ functional properties of pear pomace and chemical composition of its soluble dietary fibre. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 107, 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.....
 
41.
Zarzycki, P., Wirkijowska, A., Teterycz, D., Łysakowska, P., 2024. Innovations in wheat bread: using food industry by-products for better quality and nutrition. Appl. Sci.14, 3976. https://doi.org/10.3390/app141....
 
42.
Zlatanović, S., Kalušević, A., Micić, D., Laličić-Petronijević, J., Tomić, N., Ostojić, S., et al., 2019. Functionality and storability of cookies fortified at the industrial scale with up to 75% of apple pomace flour produced by dehydration. Foods 8, 561. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8....
 
eISSN:2300-8725
ISSN:0236-8722
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top